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AWS Secrets Manager helps you protect secrets needed to access your applications, services, and IT resources. The service enables you to easily rotate, manage, and retrieve database credentials, API keys, and other secrets throughout their lifecycle. Getting Your AWS Access Keys. After you've signed up for Amazon SES, you'll need to obtain your AWS access keys if you want to access Amazon SES through the Amazon SES API, whether by the Query (HTTPS) interface directly or indirectly through an AWS SDK, the AWS Command Line Interface, or the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell. AWS KMS is integrated with AWS CloudTrail to record all API requests, including key management actions and usage of your keys. Logging API requests helps you manage risk, meet compliance requirements and conduct forensic analysis.

Boto can be configured in multiple ways. Regardless of the source or sourcesthat you choose, you must have AWS credentials and a region set inorder to make requests.

Interactive Configuration¶

If you have the AWS CLI, then you can useits interactive configure command to set up your credentials anddefault region:

Follow the prompts and it will generate configuration files in thecorrect locations for you.

Configuring Credentials¶

There are two types of configuration data in boto3: credentials andnon-credentials. Credentials include items such as aws_access_key_id,aws_secret_access_key, and aws_session_token. Non-credentialconfiguration includes items such as which region to use or whichaddressing style to use for Amazon S3. The distinction betweencredentials and non-credentials configuration is important becausethe lookup process is slightly different. Boto3 will look in severaladditional locations when searching for credentials that do not applywhen searching for non-credential configuration.

The mechanism in which boto3 looks for credentials is to search througha list of possible locations and stop as soon as it finds credentials.The order in which Boto3 searches for credentials is:

1. Passing credentials as parameters in the boto.client() method
2. Passing credentials as parameters when creating a Session object
3. Environment variables
4. Shared credential file (~/.aws/credentials)
5. AWS config file (~/.aws/config)
6. Assume Role provider
7. Boto2 config file (/etc/boto.cfg and ~/.boto)
8. Instance metadata service on an Amazon EC2 instance that has anIAM role configured.

Each of those locations is discussed in more detail below.

Method Parameters¶

The first option for providing credentials to boto3 is passing themas parameters when creating clients or when creating a Session.For example:

where ACCESS_KEY, SECRET_KEY and SESSION_TOKEN are variablesthat contain your access key, secret key, and optional session token.Note that the examples above do not have hard coded credentials. Wedo not recommend hard coding credentials in your source code. For example:

Valid uses cases for providing credentials to the client() methodand Session objects include:

• Retrieving temporary credentials using AWS STS (such assts.get_session_token()).
• Loading credentials from some external location, e.g the OS keychain.

Environment Variables¶

Boto3 will check these environment variables for credentials:

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID

The access key for your AWS account.

AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

The secret key for your AWS account.

AWS_SESSION_TOKEN

The session key for your AWS account. This is only needed whenyou are using temporary credentials. The AWS_SECURITY_TOKENenvironment variable can also be used, but is only supportedfor backwards compatibility purposes. AWS_SESSION_TOKEN issupported by multiple AWS SDKs besides python.

Shared Credentials File¶

The shared credentials file has a default location of~/.aws/credentials. You can change the location of the sharedcredentials file by setting the AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILEenvironment variable.

This file is an INI formatted file with section namescorresponding to profiles. With each section, the three configurationvariables shown above can be specified: aws_access_key_id,aws_secret_access_key, aws_session_token. These are the onlysupported values in the shared credential file.

Below is an minimal example of the shared credentials file: Medal of honor airborne cd key generator.

The shared credentials file also supports the concept of profiles.Profiles represent logical groups of configuration. The sharedcredential file can have multiple profiles defined:

You can then specify a profile name via the AWS_PROFILE environmentvariable or the profile_name argument when creating a Session:

AWS Config File¶

Boto3 can also load credentials from ~/.aws/config. You can changethis default location by setting the AWS_CONFIG_FILE environment variable.The config file is an INI format, with the same keys supported by theshared credentials file. The only difference is that profile sectionsmust have the format of [profileprofile-name], except forthe default profile. For example:

The reason that section names must start with profile in the~/.aws/config file is because there are other sections in this filethat are permitted that aren't profile configurations.

Assume Role Provider¶

Note

This is a different set of credentials configuration than usingIAM roles for EC2 instances, which is discussed in a sectionbelow.

Within the ~/.aws/config file, you can also configure a profileto indicate that boto3 should assume a role. When you do this,boto3 will automatically make the corresponding AssumeRole callsto AWS STS on your behalf. It will handle in memory caching as well asrefreshing credentials as needed.

You can specify the following configuration values for configuring anIAM role in boto3. For more information about a particular setting, seethe section Configuration File.

• role_arn - The ARN of the role you want to assume.
• source_profile - The boto3 profile that contains credentials we shoulduse for the initial AssumeRole call.
• credential_source - The resource (Amazon EC2 instance profile, AmazonECS container role, or environment variable) that contains the credentials touse for the initial AssumeRole call.
• external_id - A unique identifier that is used by third parties to assumea role in their customers' accounts. This maps to the ExternalIdparameter in the AssumeRole operation. This is an optional parameter.
• mfa_serial - The identification number of the MFA device to use whenassuming a role. This is an optional parameter. Specify this value if thetrust policy of the role being assumed includes a condition that requires MFAauthentication. The value is either the serial number for a hardware device(such as GAHT12345678) or an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for a virtual device(such as arn:aws:iam::123456789012:mfa/user).
• role_session_name - The name applied to this assume-role session. Thisvalue affects the assumed role user ARN (such asarn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/role_name/role_session_name). Thismaps to the RoleSessionName parameter in the AssumeRole operation.This is an optional parameter. If you do not provide this value, asession name will be automatically generated.
• duration_seconds - The length of time in seconds of the role session.

If MFA authentication is not enabled then you only need to specify arole_arn and a source_profile.

When you specify a profile that has IAM role configuration, boto3 will make anAssumeRole call to retrieve temporary credentials. Subsequent boto3 APIcalls will use the cached temporary credentials until they expire, in whichcase boto3 will automatically refresh credentials. boto3 does not write thesetemporary credentials to disk. This means that temporary credentials from theAssumeRole calls are only cached in memory within a single Session.All clients created from that session will share the same temporarycredentials.

If you specify mfa_serial, then the first time an AssumeRole call ismade, you will be prompted to enter the MFA code. Program execution willblock until you enter the MFA code. You'll need to keep this in mind ifyou have an mfa_serial device configured, but would like to use boto3in an automated script.

Below is an example configuration for the minimal amount of configurationneeded to configure an assume role profile:

See Using IAM Roles for general information on IAM roles.

Assume Role With Web Identity Provider¶

Within the ~/.aws/config file, you can also configure a profile to indicatethat boto3 should assume a role. When you do this, boto3 will automaticallymake the corresponding AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity calls to AWS STS on yourbehalf. It will handle in memory caching as well as refreshing credentials asneeded.

You can specify the following configuration values for configuring anIAM role in boto3:

• role_arn - The ARN of the role you want to assume.
• web_identity_token_file - The path to a file which contains an OAuth 2.0access token or OpenID Connect ID token that is provided by the identityprovider. The contents of this file will be loaded and passed as theWebIdentityToken argument to the AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity operation.
• role_session_name - The name applied to this assume-role session. Thisvalue affects the assumed role user ARN (such asarn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/role_name/role_session_name). Thismaps to the RoleSessionName parameter in theAssumeRoleWithWebIdentity operation. This is an optional parameter. Ifyou do not provide this value, a session name will be automaticallygenerated.

Below is an example configuration for the minimal amount of configurationneeded to configure an assume role with web identity profile:

This provider can also be configured via the environment:

AWS_ROLE_ARN

The ARN of the role you want to assume.

AWS_WEB_IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE

The path to the web identity token file.

AWS_ROLE_SESSION_NAME

The name applied to this assume-role session.

Note

These environment variables currently only apply to the assume role withweb identity provider and do not apply to the general assume role providerconfiguration.

Boto2 Config¶

Boto3 will attempt to load credentials from the Boto2 config file.It first checks the file pointed to by BOTO_CONFIG if set, otherwiseit will check /etc/boto.cfg and ~/.boto. Note thatonly the [Credentials] section of the boto config file is used.All other configuration data in the boto config file is ignored.Example:

This credential provider is primarily for backwards compatibility purposeswith boto2.

IAM Role¶

If you are running on Amazon EC2 and no credentials have been foundby any of the providers above, boto3 will try to load credentialsfrom the instance metadata service. In order to take advantage of thisfeature, you must have specified an IAM role to use when you launchedyour EC2 instance. For more information on how to configure IAM roleson EC2 instances, see the IAM Roles for Amazon EC2 guide.

Note that if you've launched an EC2 instance with an IAM role configured,there's no explicit configuration you need to set in boto3 to use thesecredentials. Boto3 will automatically use IAM role credentials if it doesnot find credentials in any of the other places listed above.

Best Practices for Configuring Credentials¶

If you're running on an EC2 instance, use AWS IAM roles. See theIAM Roles for Amazon EC2 guide for more information on how to set thisup.

If you want to interoperate with multiple AWS SDKs (e.g Java, Javascript,Ruby, PHP, .NET, AWS CLI, Go, C++), use the shared credentials file(~/.aws/credentials). By using the shared credentials file, you can use asingle file for credentials that will work in all the AWS SDKs.

This Python example shows you how to manage the access keys of your users.

The Scenario¶

Users need their own access keys to make programmatic calls to AWS from the Amazon Web Services (AWS)SDK for Python. To fill this need, you can create, modify, view, or rotate access keys(access key IDs and secret access keys) for IAM users. By default, when you create an access key, itsstatus is Active, which means the user can use the access key for API calls.

In this example, Python code is used to manage access keys in IAM. The code uses the AWS SDK for Pythonto manage IAM access keys using these methods of the IAM client class:

• create_access_key.
• paginate(UserName='IAM_USER_NAME').
• get_access_key_last_used.
• update_access_key.
• delete_access_key.

For more information about IAM access keys, see Managing Access Keysin the IAM User Guide.

All the example code for the Amazon Web Services (AWS) SDK for Python is available here on GitHub.

Prerequisite Task¶

To set up and run this example, you must first configure your AWS credentials, as described in Quickstart.

Create Access Keys for a User¶

Create a new AWS secret access key and corresponding AWS access key ID for the specified user. Thedefault status for new keys is Active.

The example below shows how to:

• Create a new AWS access key usingcreate_access_key.

List a User's Access Keys¶

List information about the access key IDs associated with the specified IAM user. If there are none,the action returns an empty list.

If the UserName field is not specified, the UserName is determined implicitly based on the AWS accesskey ID used to sign the request. Because this action works for access keys under the AWS account,you can use this action to manage root credentials even if the AWS account has no associated users.

The example below shows how to:

Aws Create Access Key

• List a user's access keys usingpaginate(UserName='IAM_USER_NAME').

For more information about paginators see, Paginators

Get the Access Key Last Used¶

Get information about when the specified access key was last used. The information includes thedate and time of last use, along with the AWS service and region that were specified in the last requestmade with that key.

The example below shows how to:

• Get the access key last used usingget_access_key_last_used.

Update Access Key Status¶

Change the status of the specified access key from Active to Inactive, or vice versa. This actioncan be used to disable a user's key as part of a key rotation work flow.

The example below shows how to:

• Change the status of an access key to Active usingupdate_access_key.

Delete an Access Key¶

Aws Api To Generate Access Key West

Delete the access key pair associated with the specified IAM user.

If you do not specify a user name, IAM determines the user name implicitly based on the AWS accesskey ID signing the request. Because this action works for access keys under the AWS account, you canuse this action to manage root credentials even if the AWS account has no associated users.

The example below shows how to:

• Delete an access key usingdelete_access_key.

Aws Api To Generate Access Key Free